INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL AS A BASIS FOR INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT
The main driving force of technological progress is primarily intellectual potential, i.e. the capital of the nation, created in research institutes, laboratories, and universities. The development of an economy based on intelligence, requires training and attracting of highly qualified researchers and specialists to provide country social economy with scientific, intensive, and high-tech developments, focused on the solving of the energy and resource independence issues of a country. Nowadays, the decisive factor of an economic development is the institution of copyright and industrial property. The conditions for achieving a dominant position in the international community are created by stimulating the creation of intellectual property objects, its protection, and commercialization. [1] Problems of potential intellectual property in the development of innovative model are considered in the works of national and foreign scientists. Such Ukrainian scientists as G. Androshchuk, A. Butnik-Severskyi, A. Hal’chynskyi, V. Geets’, S. Gordienko, A. Dem'yanenko, I. Zhylyaev, M. Zgurovs’kyi, V. Polokhalo, V. Seminozhenko A. Ukrayinets’, L. Fedulova, R. Shyshka and others devoted their works to that topic. One of the most important components of national wealth of Ukraine is an intellectual product which, in spite of all obstacles, scientific-technical intellectuals, and artists has been creating. Unfortunately, those who support and develop this component are not sufficiently aware of its importance for the future of our country, or have not yet been able to overcome the "raw capture" in the development of socio-economic systems [2, p. 5]. Indeed, the intellectual potential is not adequately taken into account in modern economy of Ukraine; therefore the uselessness of accumulated intellectual wealth has already led to the collapse of many scientific and production teams, technological degradation of production and massive outflow of talented specialists abroad. Economic development of Ukraine, contrary to the existing powerful intellectual potential, shows the signs of raw, labor-intensive, and energy-intensive type. Ukraine has been traditionally characterized by considerable intellectual potential. Under modern world conditions, in developed countries 25% of labor forces are employed in science and high technology. 8% of the USA population makes over 20% of GDP, and the country spends on research and development work (RDW) about 40% of total costs. Approximately 66% of employees have higher or incomplete higher education. Today, Ukraine drops behind more than 5 times of the world average level support for the economy of knowledge (by the set of similar content indexes). Moreover, the owners of private capital in our country avoid investing in knowledge (for example, private sector participation in financing RDW in the EU is 55%, and in the USA is 67%) [1, p. 5]. Nowadays, investment in knowledge increases faster than investment in fixed assets, i.e. 90% of the knowledge amount possessed by mankind has been received in the last 30 years of the twentieth century [3]. In the early 60s western countries realized the benefits of mental work and started purposeful formation of labor creative type, reducing it to the level of state policy. Accordingly, laws that stimulated the activities of the state and entrepreneurs about the development of the labor force intellectual potential were passed. In addition, the support was carried out by means of preferential tax and credit policies of enterprises that have invested in science, education, culture, etc., i.e."invested in people". It is noted, in a recent World Bank report, that the increase in the average level of education per one year makes the GDP higher by 9%, while the contribution of education into economic growth, as shown by statistical data, can reach 33% of GDP growth [3]. These reserves of economic growth aren’t still adequately used in our country. Intellectual and creative environment of Ukrainian society has understood that a leading role in the formation of a new type economy belongs to the intellectual potential, but no significant shifts happen further this understanding. It should be noted that the current situation in Ukraine regarding academics and intellectuals, in general, can lead to the irreversible destruction of the intellectual capacity. It is known that during a long underutilization of human capital (intellectual) its deskilling starts to develop at an exponentially rate, but to recover a lost human capital is much more difficult if to compare with physical one [4]. Today, under the conditions of globalization, the exogenous factors take more and more share in developing countries. Those countries, where the development strategy provides the formation and increasing of the nation intellectual potential, have achieved the greatest success under such conditions. The implementation of this strategy, in Ukraine, activates the opportunities and reserves of the system direction, providing social and political transformation of the nature and the content of relationships between elements and subsystems of Ukrainian economy through its intellectualization and informatization. It is an intellectual factor, in the close connection with strategic decision-making at all levels of the government that becomes general public scale in the case of national idea implementation. Intellectual potential of the nation is becoming a driving force for the world economic and social development and, in particular, of Ukraine. Therefore, the reform and economic development of the domestic production should be based on the scientifically grounded economic policy in the sphere of national intellectual potential, focused on the creation of necessary conditions for sustainable development and enhancement of the intellectual property market as the highest and most advanced form of economic relations in the modern world. Literature: 1. Butnik –Severs’kyi A. Transformation of intellectual property rights into the product innovation [electronic resource] /A. Butnik –Severs’kyi / / Intellectual capital.-2003.-№5.-p.3-12.-Mode-of-access: http://iv.org.ua/index2.php?kontent/naykdial/articles/article-2.php 2. Hal'chyns'kyi A., S. Liovochkin Formation of the economic growth investment model in Ukraine / / Economy of Ukraine. - № 6. - 2004. - P. 4-11 3. Ukrainets’ A. Intellectual capital - a precondition for the economic independence of Ukraine [electronic resource] / A. Ukrainets’ , P. Shiyan , S. Oliynichuk . – Mode-of-access : http://www.ukrspirt.com/items/view/39 4. Fedulova L. Management strategy of intellectual property in innovative economy [electronic resource] / L. Fedulova. - Mode-of-access : http://www.personal.in.ua/article.php?ida=399
